Welcome to Getting It Printed, the definitive introduction to the world of printed media and processes.
Whether you are a customer of a printer, a graphic arts professional or both, planning even the simplest printing job requires many decisions. Large, complex projects many demand hundreds of decisions, and each decision affects all the others in the sequence, from concept to finished product.
Careful planning helps you control the effectiveness, quality, schedule and cost of printing jobs, Planning sharpens your vision of the affect of the final product and improves communication with and among the people involved in production. And planning helps you avoid costly changes after production begins.
Decisions about printing jobs involve both business and technical information. This chapter focuses on business consideration as a framework for technical decisions. You learn how to start answering the key questions found on the opposite page, and why the success of your printing job depends on your answers. We introduce you to the graphic arts services most commonly used to coordinate printing jobs.
Friday, August 9, 2013
Getting it Printed
It has been a pleasure to bring you Getting it Printed. Many changes have been introduced to the printing industry and the new opportunities are quite exciting. We've worked hard to incorporate all the latest information about these changes into this version of Getting it Printed.
Itself is grounded in fundamentals, and this version contains the same solid advice as always, but it also introduces a few new tool sets that will need to be utilized as the market matures even further. With the advent of digital technology, our world has permanently changed.
Printing still is one of the few industries in which customers take an active part in manufacturing. The success of printing jobs depends on the marketing executive, the designer and the printing buyer as much as on the printer. Graphic design requires decisions about inks, paper, file formats, final output and many other aspects of production. Writing specifications, reviewing proofs and conducting press checks involve still more decisions. Customers and printers work together throughout the process.
In this book, you'll learn how to participate in the unique, cooperative workflow of the graphic arts. You'll discover the technical and business requirements needed to make printing's blend of art, craft and industry work for you. This guide will help everyone who plans, designs or pays for printing:sales and customer service representative for printers: paper merchants and imaging service designer: photographers and illustrators: designers who create graphic communications: production managers for agencies studios and corporations: editors who produce books, magazines, catalogs or manuals: and teachers, trainers and consultants who explain how to get the most out of printing equipment, materials and processes.
Itself is grounded in fundamentals, and this version contains the same solid advice as always, but it also introduces a few new tool sets that will need to be utilized as the market matures even further. With the advent of digital technology, our world has permanently changed.
Printing still is one of the few industries in which customers take an active part in manufacturing. The success of printing jobs depends on the marketing executive, the designer and the printing buyer as much as on the printer. Graphic design requires decisions about inks, paper, file formats, final output and many other aspects of production. Writing specifications, reviewing proofs and conducting press checks involve still more decisions. Customers and printers work together throughout the process.
In this book, you'll learn how to participate in the unique, cooperative workflow of the graphic arts. You'll discover the technical and business requirements needed to make printing's blend of art, craft and industry work for you. This guide will help everyone who plans, designs or pays for printing:sales and customer service representative for printers: paper merchants and imaging service designer: photographers and illustrators: designers who create graphic communications: production managers for agencies studios and corporations: editors who produce books, magazines, catalogs or manuals: and teachers, trainers and consultants who explain how to get the most out of printing equipment, materials and processes.
JavaScript Conversion between types
JavaScript automatically converts values from one type to another when they are used in an expression. This means that you can combine different types in an expression and JavaScript will try to perform the type conversions that are necessary for the expression to make sense. For example, the expression "test" +5 will convert the numeric 5 to a string "5" and append it to the string "test", producing "test5". JavaScript's automatic type conversion also allows you to assign a value of one type to a variable and then later assign a value of the different type to the same variable.
How does JavaScript convert from one type to another? The process of determining when a conversion should occur and what type of conversion should be made is fairly complex. JavaScript converts values when it evaluates an expression or assigns a value to a variable. When JavaScript assigns a value to a variable it changes the type associated with the variable to the type of the value that is assigns.
When JavaScript evaluates an expression, it parses the expression into its component unary and binary expressions based upon the order of precedence of the operators it contains. It then evaluates the component unary and binary expressions of the parse tree. Figure 2.22 illustrates this process. Each expression is evaluated according to the operators involved. If an operator takes a value of a type that is different than the type of an operand, then the operand is converted to a type that is valid for the operator.
How does JavaScript convert from one type to another? The process of determining when a conversion should occur and what type of conversion should be made is fairly complex. JavaScript converts values when it evaluates an expression or assigns a value to a variable. When JavaScript assigns a value to a variable it changes the type associated with the variable to the type of the value that is assigns.
When JavaScript evaluates an expression, it parses the expression into its component unary and binary expressions based upon the order of precedence of the operators it contains. It then evaluates the component unary and binary expressions of the parse tree. Figure 2.22 illustrates this process. Each expression is evaluated according to the operators involved. If an operator takes a value of a type that is different than the type of an operand, then the operand is converted to a type that is valid for the operator.
The Evolution of Literacy Programs
Since the 1970s and 80s, adult literacy classes have come to be seen as an integral part of non-formal education programs. CARE Nepal has been including non-formal education in its development projects since 1990. At first, such programs emphasized both basic and functional literacy. Nowadays the focus has shifted more towards functional literacy. This is because it soon became apparent that basic level classes alone did not allow participants to progress beyond a very general stage of literacy. As a result, CARE Nepal started sending basic-level graduates to functional literacy classes too, to acquire the kinds of skills that would allow them to benefit from the opportunities being made available by local development projects. This included the content of conservation education, improvised farming systems, kitchen gardening and compost making and use of improved cooking stoves etc. Due to lack of proper information their participation was observed low in development activities as desired level, therefore, functional literacy classes became a priority activity as a means of providing them with practical skills for their empowerment.
At first, the objective of the REFLECT methodology was to mobilize the participant empower them and increase the effectiveness of such functional literacy programs. It was only later that it took on an empowerment dimension and became a means of bringing about social change by transforming unequal power relations.
At first, the objective of the REFLECT methodology was to mobilize the participant empower them and increase the effectiveness of such functional literacy programs. It was only later that it took on an empowerment dimension and became a means of bringing about social change by transforming unequal power relations.
The Linkage between Good Governance, Literacy and Community Forestry
Governance is the term given to the systems, methods and processes adopted for institutional management, be it in a family, a group, an organization, a society or a country. A particular system, process or method of governance can be perceived as being good or bad depending on the results it produces. A system, process or method based on the democratic values of equality and inclusion is known as good governance. It follows that "good" governance is considered to have "good" results. In particular, it ensures that resources are distributed in an equitable and just way. If governance methods, processes and systems are ineffective or even harmful, this is considered to be " bad" governance.
In the context of community forestry, promoting good governance means to improve the way local groups and organizations function, ensure there is stakeholders participation in decision making processes, promote transparency in financial and managerial actions, help establish public institutions that are accountable to the interests of the people and enhance the credibility of public interest organizations and their employees.
In the context of the SAGUN Program, the REFLECT method-based classes that have been supported are called GLC since their purpose is to empower the women to ensure the rights and the process of achieving the entitled rights through advocacy and good governance. At the same time, Literacy classes expect to contribute to the women making capable in advocating for and establish systems of good governance including democratic and inclusive forest managemnt with equitable benefit sharing.
In the context of community forestry, promoting good governance means to improve the way local groups and organizations function, ensure there is stakeholders participation in decision making processes, promote transparency in financial and managerial actions, help establish public institutions that are accountable to the interests of the people and enhance the credibility of public interest organizations and their employees.
In the context of the SAGUN Program, the REFLECT method-based classes that have been supported are called GLC since their purpose is to empower the women to ensure the rights and the process of achieving the entitled rights through advocacy and good governance. At the same time, Literacy classes expect to contribute to the women making capable in advocating for and establish systems of good governance including democratic and inclusive forest managemnt with equitable benefit sharing.
Nepal Background
Nepal's community forestry development program is considered to be succssful in forest management. In fact, community forestry has become much more tha a means of natural resource management over the years. There are increasing examples of its potential also as a campaign for social transformation.
Across the country, approximately 1.22 million hectares of state manged forest land have been formally handed over 14,400 Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs) that benefits to 1.65 million households involving more than 8 million population of Nepal (DoF, 2008). However, a number of research reports and articles provide evidence that among communities and households, women Dalits' poor people and marginalized Janajatis, have had relatively less access to community forest benefits as compared to others. In the process, women have been particularly marginalized: across the board, their issues reach decisin-making levels, responses tend to be no more than formalities. This is not surprising in a society characterized by patriarchal values and imbalanced power relations. Women are additionally handicapped in their efforts as a result of insufficient information access, poor knowledge about ongoing development actibities and weak networking and coalition building for advocacy purposes.
Across the country, approximately 1.22 million hectares of state manged forest land have been formally handed over 14,400 Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs) that benefits to 1.65 million households involving more than 8 million population of Nepal (DoF, 2008). However, a number of research reports and articles provide evidence that among communities and households, women Dalits' poor people and marginalized Janajatis, have had relatively less access to community forest benefits as compared to others. In the process, women have been particularly marginalized: across the board, their issues reach decisin-making levels, responses tend to be no more than formalities. This is not surprising in a society characterized by patriarchal values and imbalanced power relations. Women are additionally handicapped in their efforts as a result of insufficient information access, poor knowledge about ongoing development actibities and weak networking and coalition building for advocacy purposes.
Thursday, August 8, 2013
School of Journalism & Mass Communication
The program at the School of Journalism & Mass Communication are especially designed to train students in the emerging areas of media ad entertainment sectors. The courses have been structured with the aim of equipping aspiring students for various media platforms such a Television, Radio/FM, Advertising, Public Relations, Corporate Communication, Event management n newspapers/magazines and digital media jobs such as content writing, citizen journalism, and online marketing (including mobiles/wireless, search engines, web designing and development of online audio and video content)
Programme features
Novel programme structure: ASU offers the advantage of an exhaustive Bachelor's degree by being the 1st University to offer a four-years programme at Graduate level, apart from well structured Masters and Doctoral Programmes.
Lab & Workshop Facilities
Television Studio: The acoustically-treated Television Studio is equipped with the latest Digital Cameras and Teleprompter (for news reading exercises). The floor of the sound proof studio is adequate for recording news shows, quiz shows, plays and serials.
Video Editing: Lab equipped with latest editing units (Avid Xpress HD: Power MAC G4 with Apple Final Cut Pro & Adobe Production Premium) to offer purposeful training to the aspiring students. This software enables students to edit in a non-linear mode, offering the latest visual effects and music applications.
Programme features
Novel programme structure: ASU offers the advantage of an exhaustive Bachelor's degree by being the 1st University to offer a four-years programme at Graduate level, apart from well structured Masters and Doctoral Programmes.
Lab & Workshop Facilities
Television Studio: The acoustically-treated Television Studio is equipped with the latest Digital Cameras and Teleprompter (for news reading exercises). The floor of the sound proof studio is adequate for recording news shows, quiz shows, plays and serials.
Video Editing: Lab equipped with latest editing units (Avid Xpress HD: Power MAC G4 with Apple Final Cut Pro & Adobe Production Premium) to offer purposeful training to the aspiring students. This software enables students to edit in a non-linear mode, offering the latest visual effects and music applications.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)